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The Strategic Role of Biotechnology in Geopolitical Equations and Food Security
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Fathollah Tahmasebi   , Ardeshir Sanaei , Reza Jalali , Morteza Normohamadi |
| Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , ardeshir.sanaie@iau.ac.ir |
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Abstract: (21 Views) |
Abstract:
In international relations theory, one of the primary criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of a theoretical approach is its capacity to analyze and explain a broad spectrum of phenomena and developments. A theory that can account for more dimensions of the complex realities of the international system will enjoy greater analytical credibility [1]. This article seeks to address a fundamental question: Which of the international relations theories—particularly within the realist tradition—offers the greatest capacity for analyzing dynamics related to biotechnology and food security within regional and global geopolitical frameworks? Within the conceptual framework of this study, drawing on Taliaferro’s classification of realist theories and focusing on defensive realism, it is argued that state behavior in the biotechnology sector especially in the field of food security—stems primarily from the logic of survival and the safeguarding of national security, rather than from expansionist or hegemonic ambitions. In an international environment marked by instability and intensifying competition, the tendency of states to utilize advanced agricultural technologies, genetic engineering, the production of resilient seed varieties, and measures to counter environmental threats can be understood as a rational response aimed at enhancing relative security and reducing national vulnerability From this perspective, the concern of certain international powers over biotechnology advances in independent or developing countries—such as the Islamic Republic of Iran—arises largely from the “security dilemma” and a misinterpretation of these states’ security-oriented motivations. In the view of defensive realism, Iran’s activities in the biotechnology field reflect a legitimate effort to strengthen food security as one of the core pillars of national security . Ultimately, the article underscores that pessimistic analyses, which portray Iran’s biotechnological policies as a threat to global order or as an instance of aggressive behavior, are founded on misreadings of geopolitical realities and theoretical assumptions. These policies, when understood through the lens of defensive realism, are aimed primarily at addressing vital population needs, confronting climate challenges, and ensuring national survival in a perilous international environment .
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| Keywords: Defensive Realism, Biotechnology, Food Security, Regional Geopolitics |
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Full-Text [PDF 876 kb]
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/10/18 | Published: 2025/03/10
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